{
  "schemaVersion": "crawler-atlas-1",
  "atlasVersion": "atlas-2026-07-28-v1",
  "canonical": "/atlas/duplicate-content",
  "title": "Duplicate content",
  "category": {
    "slug": "quality",
    "title": "Quality, provenance, and observability"
  },
  "definition": "Duplicate content exposes the same or nearly the same material at more than one URL.",
  "mechanism": "Crawlers cluster similar representations and choose a canonical using redirects, link signals, sitemap entries, declarations, and content comparison.",
  "validation": "Inventory normalized hashes by URL, identify intended variants, and make canonical and internal-link signals consistent.",
  "commonFailure": "Parameter combinations and printer views can multiply one article into thousands of crawlable addresses.",
  "related": [
    "/atlas/canonical-links",
    "/atlas/crawl-traps"
  ],
  "modified": "2026-07-28"
}